60 year female with altered sensorium secondary to dyselectrolytemia





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CHIEF COMPLAINTS:

Vomiting since 4 days

Generalised weakness since 4 days

Facial puffiness since 3 days

Decreased urine output since 3 days

HOPI :

Patient was apparently asymptomatic 4 days ago, then she had vomitings 3-4 episodes/day , food as content,non projectile , non bilious associated with abdominal pain .

Facial puffiness and decreased urine output since 3 days.

Cough since 4 years , on and off, productive ,scanty white coloured sputum with no diurnal variation, more during winter season.SOB of grade 2 since 4 years more in supine position and during winter .

Burning micturition and decreased stream of urine since 4 days.No C/O hesitancy , dribbling.

No H/O orthopnea, PND, chest pain.



PAST HISTORY:

Not a k/c/o DM , HTN , epilepsy, asthma , CAD , CVD,TB

Hysterectomy 20 years ago.

PERSONAL HISTORY:

Appetite-Decreased 

Diet - Mixed

Bowel - Regular

Bladder - burning micturition and decreased stream of urine.

Sleep - Decreased.


General examination:

Patient is conscious, coherent, cooperative, well oriented to time , place and person 

Pallor - present 

Icterus - absent 

Cyanosis - absent 

Clubbing - absent 

Lymphadenopathy- absent 

Pedal edema - pitting type extending till knee 

VITALS :  Temp - 98.6 F

                  PR - 94 bpm

                  BP - 120/70 mmhg

                  RR - 18 cpm

                  SPO2 - 98% onRA

                  GRBS - 102 mg/dl


Systemic examination: 

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM:on the day of presentation 

Conscious,coherent and cooperative 

Speech- normal

No signs of meningeal irritation. 

Cranial nerves- intact

Sensory system- normal 

Motor system:

Tone- normal

Power- bilaterally 5/5

Reflexes    Right    Left

Biceps         ++         ++

Triceps        ++         ++

Supinator    ++       ++

Knee            ++       ++

Ankle           ++        ++

CNS examination - on 11/1/23.

GCS - E2 V3 M4

                          Right.                    Left.  

TONE 

        UL.       HYPOTONIA       HYPOTONIA

        LL         HYPOTONIA.      HYPOTONIA

POWER

       UL.          2/5.                      2/5

       LL.           2/5.                      2/5

REFLEXES 

       BICEPS - NEGATIVE     NEGATIVE

       TRICEPS- NEGATIVE.   NEGATIVE

       SUPINATOR-NEGATIVE. NEGATIVE

       KNEE -       NEGATIVE.     NEGATIVE

       ANKLE       NEGATIVE.     NEGATIVE

BABINSKI         MUTE.            MUTE


CNS EXAMINATION ON 12/1/23: 


GCS - E4 V5 M6

                          Right.                    Left.  

TONE 

        UL           NORMAL.           NORMAL

        LL        .   NORMAL            NORMAL 

POWER

       UL.             5/5.                      5/5

       LL.              5/5                      5/5

REFLEXES 

       BICEPS -       1+                      1+

       TRICEPS-      1+.                    1+

       SUPINATOR-1+.                    1+

       KNEE -           1+.                    1+

       ANKLE      .    1+.                    1+

BABINSKI         FLEXION.            FLEXION


PER ABDOMEN:

Inspection :

       Umbilicus is central and inverted

       All quadrants are moving equally with respiration 

       No scars , sinuses , engorged veins, visible pulsations .

       Hernial orifices are free.

Palpitation :

       Abdomen is soft and non tender .

        No organomegaly.

Percussion :

       Tympanic note heard over the abdomen.

Auscultation:

       Bowel sounds are heard.


CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM:

Inspection:

        Shape of chest is elliptical.

        No raised JVP

        No visible pulsations, scars , sinuses , engorged veins.

Palpitation:

        Apex beat - felt at left 5th intercostal space

        No thrills and parasternal heaves

Auscultation :

        S1 and S2 heard. 


RESPIRATORY SYSTEM:

Inspection: 

Shape- elliptical 

B/L symmetrical , 

Both sides moving equally with respiration .

No scars, sinuses, engorged veins, pulsations 

Palpation:

Trachea - central

Expansion of chest is symmetrical. 

Vocal fremitus - normal

Percussion: resonant bilaterally 

Auscultation:

 bilateral air entry present. Normal vesicular breath sounds heard.


INVESTIGATIONS:

On day of admission-

Haemogram:

         Hb – 8.4 gm/dl

         TLC – 5900 cells/cu mm

         Neutrophils : 77

         Lymohocytes : 12

         Eosinophils : 01

         Monocytes : 10

         Platelets – 2.14 lakhs/cu mm

CUE :

         Albumin - traces 

         Pus cells - 2-3/HPF

         Epithelial cells - 2-3/HPF

RENAL FUNCTION TESTS :

          Urea : 24 mg/dl

         Creatinine : 1.6 mg/dl

         Sodium : 96 mEq/L

         Potassium : 1.8 mEq/L

         Chloride : 60 mEq/L

LIVER FUNCTION TESTS :

         Total bilirubin : 1.54 mg/dl

         Direct bilirubin : 0.38 mg/dl

         AST : 116 IU/L

         ALT : 46 IU/L

         Alkaline phosphate :162 IU/L

          Total proteins :5.6  gm/dl

          Albumin : 3.6 gm/dl

          A/G ratio :  1.81

Serum osmolality : 192.4

On 8/1/23:













On 9/1/23:












On 10/1/23:

Morning:







Evening:










On 11/1/23:





On 12/1/23:

Serum calcium : 9.2

Serum phosphorus:3.5 

Serum magnesium:1.7

24hr urine sample : volume - 3800 ml

                                Calcium - 228 mg/day

                                Sodium -646 mmol/day

                                Chloride - 532 mmol/day

                                Phosphorus- 0.30gm/day

Spot urine protein :8

Spot urine creatinine :14.1

Ratio : 0.55




CXR : on the day of admission 



On 10/1/23:



ECG :on the day of admission 


USG :


TROUSSEAU’s SIGN :





PROVISIONAL DIAGNOSIS:


ALTERED SENSORIUM SECONDARY TO HYPONATREMIA HYPOKALEMIA HYPOCHLOREMIA HYPOCALCEMIA WITH TETANY RESOLVED.METABOLIC ALKALOSIS WITH CHRONIC COUGH (SINCE 4 YEARS)WITH NORMAL CHEST X RAY WITH POSTURAL DROP ?ADDISONS DISEASE ?ADRENAL KOCHS ?ENDOBRONCHIAL KOCHS WITH PRERENAL AKI -RESOLVED WITH


TREATMENT:


INJ 3%NACL 10ml/hr IV


IVF 500 ml NS +2 AMP KCL OVER 5 hrs


INJ ZOFER 4mg IV/BD


INJ PAN 40 mg IV/OD


IVF 0.9 %NACL @ 75 ml/hr


INJ CIPROFLOXACIN 400 mg IV/BD


SYP LACTULOSE 15ml PO/HS


T.OLANZAPINE 2.5 mg PO/BD


T.OROFER XT PO/OD


INJ CALCIUM GLUCONATE 6 AMPOULES IN 500 ml NS@40 ml/hr


T VIT D3 60k ONCE WEEKLY


T PHOSPHORUS 40 mmol/ day


I/O CHARTING


MONITOR VITALS HRLY




BRIEF COURSE IN HOSPITAL:



On 7/1/23 :PATIENT WAS LETHARGIC AT THE TIME OF PRESENTATION. Na- 96 , K -1.8 , cl - 60mEq/lit PATIENT WAS STARTED ON 3%NACL @ 10ml/hr AND 2 AMPOULES OF KCL IN 500 ML NS AROUND 8.30 PM.OBG CONSULTATION WAS TAKEN I/V/O CYSTOCOELE.PACKING WAS DONE.


On 8/1/23:PATIENT WAS ORIENTED TO TIME ,PLACE,PERSON .Na - 110 , K-1.8 , Cl - 683% NACL WAS STOPPED AT 9PM2 AMPOULES OF KCL IN 500 ML NS IS GIVEN ABG : PH -7.57 PCO2 - 39.3 PO2 -78.8 HCO3-36.9


On 9/1/23:PATIENT WAS ORIENTED TO TIME,PLACE,PERSON IN THE MORNING . Na -123 K- 2.2 Cl-802 AMPOULES OF KCL IN 500 ML NS IS GIVENPATIENT DEVELOPED ALTERED BEHAVIOUR FROM 1Pm (SELF TALKING).PSYCHIATRY OPINION WAS TAKEN AND PATIENT WAS GIVEN T. OLANZEPINE 2.5 mgNa -130 K-2.8. Cl-90ABG : PH -7.55 PCO2 - 38.8 PO2 -79.6. HCO3-34.3


On 10/1/23:PATIENT WAS DROWSY FROM MORNING Na - 133. K- 3.3. Cl- 96PATIENT WAS GIVEN INJ HALOPERIDOL 1/2 AMPOULE AS PER PSYCHIATRY ADVICE.CT BRAIN WAS DONE TO RULE OUT HAEMORRHAGE >--------------&&-&& INFARCT WHICH TURNED OUT TO BE NORMAL .PATIENT DEVELOPED-------- TETANY SERUM Ca - 7.1CALCIUM GLUCONATE INFUSION WAS STARTED 6 AMPOULES IN 500ml NSABG : PH -7.40 PCO2 - 49. PO2 -148. HCO3-30.4


On 11/1/23:PATIENT WAS ORIENTED TO TIME ,PLACE,PERSON IN THE MORNING Na -138 K- 3.2. Cl- 97 Ca- 7.2CALCIUM GLUCONATE INFUSION IS CONTINUED .ABG : PH -7.47 PCO2 - 41.5 PO2 -88.6 HCO3-30.4


On 12/1/23:PATIENT WAS ORIENTED TO TIME ,PLACE,PERSON Na - 136 K-3.2. Cl- 94 Ca- 9.2 CALCIUM GLUCONATE INFUSION IS STOPPED ABG : PH -7.47 PCO2 - 38.9 PO2 -79.5 HCO3- 28.8PATIENT WAS ADVISED CT ABDOMEN TO RULE OUT ABDOMINAL TB BUT PATIENT ATTENDERS ARE NOT WILLING.



 On 13/1/23:PATIENT IS CONSCIOUS, ORIENTED TO TIME,PLACE, PERSON Na - 139 , K- 3.4 Cl- 96 , Ca-8.5PATIENT IMPROVED SYMPTOMATICALLY AND IS DISCHARGED IN A STABLE CONDITION.

PULMONOLOGY CONSULTATION WAS TAKEN I/V/O ENDOBRONCHIAL TB , ADVISED SPU

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